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Aircraft marshalling is visual signalling between ground personnel and pilots on an airport, aircraft carrier or helipad. Marshalling is one-on-one visual communication and a part of aircraft ground handling. It may be as an alternative to, or additional to, radio communications between the aircraft and air traffic control. The usual equipment of a marshaller is a reflecting safety vest, a helmet with acoustic earmuffs, and gloves or marshaling wands–handheld illuminated beacons. At airports, the marshaller signals the pilot to keep turning, slow down, stop, and shut down engines, leading the aircraft to its parking stand or to the runway. Sometimes, the marshaller indicates directions to the pilot by driving a "Follow-Me" car (usually a yellow van or pick-up truck with a checkerboard pattern) prior to disembarking and resuming signalling. This, however, is not an industry standard. At busier and better equipped airports, marshallers are replaced on some stands with a Visual Docking Guidance System (VDGS), of which there are many types. On aircraft carriers or helipads, marshallers give take-off and landing clearances to aircraft and helicopters, where the very limited space and time between take-offs and landings makes radio communications a difficult alternative. == ICAO aircraft marshalling signals == The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines several important codes for use in international aviation 〔(CAP637 Visual Aids Handbook; CAA; Issue 2, May 2007; Chapter 6, page 10, Table E )〕〔http://www.langleyflyingschool.com/Pages/CPGS%20Flight%20Operations.html〕 Image:aircraft hand signal all clear.svg|All clear Image:aircraft hand signal flagman directs.svg|Flagman directs pilot ''(stop)'' Image:aircraft hand signal insert chocks.svg|Insert chocks Image:aircraft hand signal pull chocks.svg|Pull chocks Image:aircraft hand signal start engine.svg|Start engines Image:aircraft hand signal cut engines.svg|Cut engines Image:aircraft hand signal proceed straight ahead.svg|Proceed straight ahead Image:aircraft hand signal turn left.svg|Turn left Image:aircraft hand signal turn right.svg|Turn right Image:aircraft hand signal slow down.svg|Slow down Image:aircraft hand signal stop.svg|Stop ''(emergency stop)'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aircraft marshalling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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